Cikakken tarihin Jagoran Addini na ƙasar Iran, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei.
Ranar Haihuwa:
17 Yuli, 1939
Wurin haihuwa: Mashhad, Iran
Asali da Iyali:
Ayatollah Khamenei ya fito ne daga dangin Malamai masu daraja a addinin Shi’a. Mahaifinsa, Ayatollah Javad Khamenei, babban malami ne kuma dan asalin Hamedan, yayin da mahaifiyarsa ‘yar asalin Tabriz ce.
Karatu da Ilimi:
Ya fara karatu a Mashhad inda ya karanta Fiqhu (ilimin shari’a), Hadisi, da Tafsiri.
Daga baya ya tafi Najaf da Qom, cibiyoyin addinin Shi’a na duniya, inda ya yi karatu a hannun manyan malamai irinsu Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, wanda daga bisani ya jagoranci Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na 1979.
Khamenei ya shahara wajen rubuce-rubucen addini da nazarin falsafa da siyasa cikin mahangar Shi’a.
Fagen Siyasa:
Kafin Juyin Juya Halin 1979:
Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin matasan malamai da suka goyi bayan Ayatollah Khomeini wajen adawa da Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, sarkin Iran kafin juyin juya hali.
An kama shi fiye da sau biyar, an tsare shi, an yi masa azaba kuma an tilasta masa yin gudun hijira.
Bayan Juyin Juya Hali (1979):
Bayan nasarar juyin juya hali, Khamenei ya shiga gwamnati a matsayin mai taimaka wa jagoran juyin juya hali.
Ya rike mukamai da dama ciki har da:
Shugaban kungiyar tsaro ta IRGC (Pasdaran)
Ministan tsaro na waje na ƙasa da ƙasa
Shugaban kasar Iran (1981–1989) – Ya zama shugaban ƙasa bayan kashe Muhammad Ali Raja’i.
Jagoran Juyin Juya Hali (Rahbar):
Bayan mutuwar Ayatollah Khomeini a ranar 3 ga Yuni 1989, Majalisar Khubragan ta zabe Khamenei a matsayin Jagoran Addini na Iran (Vali-ye Faqih).
Wannan matsayi yana ba shi ikon iko akan:
Rundunar soji da tsaro
Tashoshin watsa labarai
Tsarin shari’a da siyasa
Sauran manyan mukamai a cikin gwamnati
Jagoran addini shi ne mafi girman shugabanci a tsarin siyasar Iran. Khamenei shi ne mutum na biyu da ya rike wannan matsayi bayan Ayatollah Khomeini.
Ra’ayoyi da Dabarun Siyasa:
Khamenei yana da tsattsauran ra’ayi dangane da makiyaya na yamma, musamman Amurka da Isra’ila.
Ya marawa kungiyar Hezbollah da Palestine Islamic Jihad baya.
Ya kasance mai tsaurin ra’ayi kan kiyaye Shari’ar Musulunci a cikin tsarin mulki da rayuwar jama’a.
A cikin gida, ya kasance mai goyon bayan tsarin wilayat al-faqih – wato malamai su jagoranci siyasar ƙasa.
Labarin Zamaninsa:
A mulkinsa, Iran ta fuskanci matsaloli da dama:
Takunkumin tattalin arziki daga yamma
Rikicin cikin gida da masu kishin sauyi
Ƙalubale daga intanet da sabbin kafafen sadarwa
Rikice-rikicen yanki, kamar a Syria da Iraq
Duk da haka, yana da mabiya masu tsantseni, musamman daga malamai da rundunar IRGC.
Rayuwa ta Kashin Kai:
Khamenei yana da mata daya da yara da dama.
A shekarar 1981, ya sami rauni sosai a wani harin bam da aka kai masa a lokacin da yake jawabi a masallaci. Daya daga cikin hannayensa ya lalace tun daga lokacin.
Yana rubuce-rubuce sosai – littattafansa sun hada da:
Tafsirin Alkur’ani
Tarihi da hadisi
Falsafa da siyasar Musulunci
Gajeren Tarihin Mulkinsa a Takaice:
A 1989 Ya zama Jagoran Addini bayan mutuwar Khomeini
1999 Zanga-zangar dalibai ta barke
2009 Rikicin zaben Ahmadinejad da zanga-zangar “Green Movement”
2015 Iran ta cimma yarjejeniyar nukiliya da kasashen duniya (JCPOA)
2020 An kashe Janar Qassem Soleimani, babban dantakar Iran
2022 Zanga-zangar Mahsa Amini – Mummunar boren da ya shafi tsarin Hijabi