Fiye da shekara 15 kenan yankin arewacin Najeriya yana fama da hare-haren kungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun jima suna kai hare-hare kan fararen hula da jami’an tsaro tare da sace mutane domin neman kuɗin fansa, lamarin da ya tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin muhallansu.
Hare-haren sun fara ƙara tsanani tun daga shekarar 2008, lokacin da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta fara kai farmaki a jihar Borno. Daga baya wasu sabbin ƙungiyoyi suka fito, suna bazuwa a jihohi daban-daban na arewacin ƙasar.
A ƙasa akwai jerin fitattun kungiyoyi da suka fi addabar arewa:
1. Boko Haram
An kafa ta a 2002 a jihohin Borno da Yobe.
Ta fara da wa’azi kafin komawa amfani da makamai.
Ta shahara bayan kisan gilla da sace daliban Chibok a 2014.
Shugabanninta sun haɗa da Muhammad Yusuf da kuma Abubakar Shekau.
2. ISWAP (Islamic State West Africa Province)
Ta fito a 2016 bayan ta balle daga Boko Haram.
Jagoranta na farko shi ne Abu Mus’ab al-Barnawi, ɗan marigayi Muhammad Yusuf.
3. Ansaru
An kafa ta a 2012 a jihohin Kaduna da Kano.
Ana danganta ta da ƙungiyar al-Qaeda.
Fitaccen harinta shi ne kai farmaki gidan yarin Kuje a 2022.
4. Ƙungiyar Lakurawa
An fara samun ta a 2018 a jihohin Sokoto da Kebbi.
A farkon lokaci an ɗauke ta tamkar ƙungiyar kariya daga ‘yan fashi, daga baya ta shiga tsarin ta’addanci.
Ana danganta ta da ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi a Sahel.
5. Ƙungiyar Ta’addan Tsakiyar Najeriya
Ta bayyana a 2024 a jihohin Neja da Kwara.
Ana ce tana da alaƙa da wasu al’ummu a Jamhuriyar Benin.
Ta fi amfani da dabarun satar shanu, harajin ƙauyuka, da kuma kai hare-hare.
Ana danganta ta da Ansaru da al-Qaeda.
6. Ƴan Bindiga a Zamfara da Arewa maso Yamma
Sun fara bayyana tun 2010 a Zamfara kafin su watsu zuwa wasu jihohi.
Sun yi suna wajen sace mutane, kwace wuraren kiwo, da kuma kashe-kashe.
Daga cikin shugabanninsu akwai Bello Turji, Ado Aliero, da Dogo Giɗe.
Wasu kuma sun mutu kamar Buharin Daji da Halilou Sububu.
Me ya haddasa yawaitar kungiyoyin ?
Masana tsaro na ganin matsalar tana da alaƙa da:
Rashin aikin yi,
Karancin ilimi,
Da sauyin yanayi da ya shafi noma da kiwo.
Duk da cewa a kudu ma akwai matsalar ‘yan bindiga, amma a arewa ta fi muni saboda yawan kungiyoyi da tsananin hare-hare.
Majiya: Dakta Kabiru Adamu Shugaban Kamfanin Beacon Security mai nazarin tsaro a yanken Sahel, kamar yadda BBC Hausa, ta wallafa.